@article{oai:stars.repo.nii.ac.jp:00009282,
 author = {小嶌, 正稔 and KOJIMA , Masatoshi},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {桃山学院大学経済経営論集, ST.ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {First of all, we have sorted out the issues regarding the environment
surrounding oil companies from the perspective of three constraints, which
comprise policy constraints pertaining to measures against global warming,
ESG investment, and litigation risk. During the process of energy transition,
oil companies must maintain stable oil supplies, while also coping with
public consciousness and sentiments reminiscent of those that beset
antisocial polluting companies.
Next, for global warming countermeasures, we utilized the framework of
air pollution measures（NOx measures）and undertook an overview of
conditions in which the process of ending the dependence on fossil fuels
takes concrete form.
Among these, new business models supported by digital technologies,
such as MaaS and CASE, are emerging in an issue-oriented manner.
However, we note that these are creating policy conflicts due to the
heterogeneity of social issues that exist, such as between cities and rural
areas.
Social issues in Japan consist of congestion and air pollution in the case of
urban areas, and the issue of maintaining regional vitality in rural areas.
We showed that in urban areas, of MaaS and CASE have functioned to
respond to the needs of seamless movement, while in rural areas, digital
technology has become a means of maintaining and securing
transportation.
We focused on car-sharing among MaaS related services. Car-sharing is
expanding rapidly, and has an environmental contribution effect in terms of
the number of private cars and mileage in urban areas, and the use of
public transportation. In rural areas, car-sharing has improved convenience,
but does not have a positive effect on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
In other words, this contribution effect depends on the state of public
transportation.
Finally, the impact of MaaS and CASE on automobile fuel demand was
simulated, with a focus on EV conversion derived from the revision of fuel
efficiency standards in Japan.},
 pages = {83--114},
 title = {環境問題とデジタル技術が 石油流通機構に与える影響},
 volume = {62},
 year = {2021},
 yomi = {コジマ, マサトシ}
}