@article{oai:stars.repo.nii.ac.jp:00009312,
 author = {島, 千尋 and SHIMA, Chihiro},
 journal = {人間文化研究, Journal of Humanities Research,St.Andrew's University},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {As for “-tai”, which expresses a desire in Japanese, many descriptions have
been made regarding the conditions of use. One of them is that “the form
of the question” －tai desuka? “is rude when used for superiors and unfamiliar listeners.”（ex: “Teacher, do you want to eat ice cream?”）It has been said
that this is because the listener’s desire belongs to the “listener’s private
realm” and it is not allowed to step into it. On the other hand, in the form
of “-tai?” asking a close listener for a desire, the restriction on its use has not
been a problem in the past.
In this paper, I pointed out that there are cases that it may not be rude to
use “-tai desuka?” for superiors, and conversely, it becomes unnatural to use
“-tai?” even for close listeners. And, I have raised new conditions of use for
the desire interrogative sentences that use “-tai”. In this paper, it is called
“Genba-sei condition”. This condition is: there are the degree of strength in
the “listener’s private realm” to which the listener’s desires belong, and it
exists most strongly in the “Genba” of “real, now, this place”, and weakens
as it deviates from it. Therefore, the naturalness of the desire interrogative
sentence changes accordingly. As a result, when the “Genba-sei” is the
strongest（area A）, it is not allowed to ask the listener’s desire even if the
relationship is close, and, when it weakens slightly（Area B）, it becomes easier for others to enter in the “listener’s private realm”, and the person with
close relationships are allowed to ask the listener’s desires. When the
“Genba-sei” is further weakened（area C）, the restrictions are further relaxed, and for even superiors we can ask their desires. 
The desire of Area A, which has the strongest “Genba-sei”, is the desire
for a specific real thing in front of us, which is in reality. The desires of Area
B, where “Genba-sei” is a little weak, are（1）when the object of the desire
is not in front of you, and（2）when the object of the desire is an interrogative word. The desires of Area C, where “Genba-sei” is even weaker, are considered to be（1）desires in imaginary stories and（2）desires in stories in
the distant future.
In this paper, we have verified the above and confirmed that the “Genbasei condition” is satisfied in the desire interrogative sentence. Furthermore,
it was mentioned that this “Genba-sei condition” is observed in the intention
interrogative sentence “-tsumori desuka?”, which has been thought that it
cannot be used for superiors because it belongs to the “listener’s private
realm” as well as “-tai”. And, I also touched on the possibility that the
“Genba-sei condition” in the “listener’s private realm” is not only a desire interrogative sentence but also a more widely observed one.},
 pages = {211--243},
 title = {日本語の「～たい」を用いた 願望疑問文の使用条件に関する一考察},
 volume = {14},
 year = {2021},
 yomi = {シマ, チヒロ}
}